Myrmica bessarabicus - "Bessarabian Myrmica Ant"
The taxon Myrmica bessarabicus is widely considered unidentifiable and its identity uncertain within the ant community. Historically, it has been treated as a junior synonym of Myrmica sabuleti and later, Myrmica specioides. Therefore, specific, unique care information for Myrmica bessarabicus is not available. This caresheet provides general information based on well-documented and closely related Myrmica species commonly kept by antkeepers, such as Myrmica rubra and Myrmica specioides. Like most ants in the Myrmica genus, these are typically small to medium-sized ants with a reddish-brown coloration, characterized by a two-segmented 'waist' (petiole and postpetiole) and a noticeable sting. Their pupae develop without cocoons, appearing 'naked'.
- Difficulty: Medium
- Origin & Habitat: Palaearctic Region (Europe, Asia) in General Myrmica species are found across temperate regions, often inhabiting moderately humid areas like meadows, grasslands, and woodlands. They nest in the soil, under stones, or within rotten wood..
- Colony Type: Polygyne (multiple queens) is common among well-known Myrmica species, though some can be monogyne (single queen)., semi-claustral (queen forages for food during the founding stage). founding.
- Size & Growth:
- Queen: 5.5-6.0mm
- Worker: 4.0-5.5mm
- Colony: Medium (thousands). Mature colonies of related species like Myrmica rubra can reach several thousand workers.. Initially slow, but growth accelerates significantly with the increase in worker numbers and the presence of multiple queens. growth.
- Antkeeping:
- Temperature: Maintain a temperature range of 21-26°C within the nest. Room temperature is often suitable for many Myrmica species, but a gentle heat source applied to one part of the setup can allow the ants to thermoregulate..
- Humidity: High humidity, between 50-70%, is crucial for Myrmica colonies. Ensuring the nest remains adequately moist is key to their well-being and brood development..
- Diapause: Required. 3-5 months at 5-10°C.
- Nesting: These ants prefer nests that mimic their natural underground or decaying wood environments. Suitable artificial nests include acrylic, Ytong, or natural setups with high moisture retention, such as those with a very humid substrate layer..
- Behavior: Medium to High (towards handler, food or other ants). They can be territorial and predatory towards other ant species. aggressiveness.
- Common Issues: Mold in nest (due to high humidity requirements), Colony stalling (if queen not fed during semi-claustral founding or if protein is insufficient), Humidity fluctuations (can stress the colony), Escapes (active foragers require secure setups).
One of the most notable traits of Myrmica ants, including species linked to Myrmica bessarabicus, is their active and often aggressive nature. These ants are known to sting readily, which, while painful, is generally not dangerous to humans. This assertiveness makes them interesting to observe, particularly their hunting behaviors when presented with small feeder insects.
Their diet is quite varied, making them opportunistic omnivores. Myrmica species enjoy sweet liquids like honey water or sugar water, and they have a strong need for protein to support their growing brood. It's important to offer them a consistent supply of insects, such as fruit flies, small mealworms, or crickets. Because they don't store a lot of food within their nest, frequent feeding is recommended to ensure the colony thrives.
A fascinating aspect of Myrmica colony health is their 'social immunity' and waste management. Workers are highly efficient at removing waste, especially items perceived as pathogenic, from the nest. Intriguingly, the presence of vulnerable brood within the colony actually enhances this hygienic response, demonstrating a protective instinct towards the next generation of workers.
The genus Myrmica is also famously involved in a unique ecological interaction with certain butterfly species, particularly those from the genus Phengaris (formerly Maculinea). The larvae of these butterflies are social parasites that are 'adopted' by Myrmica colonies and then proceed to feed on the ant brood, acquiring most of their biomass within the ant nest. While not a direct care consideration for hobbyists, it's a testament to the complex and interconnected natural world of ants.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Myrmica bessarabicus a good species for beginner ant keepers?
While Myrmica bessarabicus itself is an uncertain taxon, Myrmica ants in general are considered a medium difficulty species. Their semi-claustral founding and need for consistent protein can be a bit more challenging than fully claustral species, but their activity and unique behaviors make them a rewarding experience for those ready for a slightly more involved setup.
What is 'semi-claustral founding' and why is it important for Myrmica?
Semi-claustral founding means the queen needs to forage for food during the initial colony establishment phase, rather than relying solely on her stored fat reserves. For Myrmica queens, this is crucial; you'll need to offer her small amounts of protein and sugar water regularly to help her raise her first workers (nanitics).
Do Myrmica ants sting, and is it dangerous?
Yes, Myrmica workers are equipped with a sting, and they are not shy about using it if threatened. The sting can be painful, often described as a sharp prick followed by a burning sensation, similar to a nettle sting. However, it's generally not dangerous to humans unless you have a severe allergic reaction.
What should I feed my Myrmica colony?
Myrmica ants are avid protein eaters! Offer them a variety of small feeder insects like fruit flies, freshly killed crickets, or mealworm pieces. For carbohydrates, a regular supply of sugar water or honey water is essential. Remember, they don't store much food, so consistent feeding every few days is key.
How often do Myrmica colonies need to be fed?
Due to their limited food storage capabilities, Myrmica colonies thrive on frequent feedings. Aim for at least 3 times a week, ensuring they always have access to fresh sugar water and regular protein meals. Adjust frequency based on colony size and their consumption rate.
Do Myrmica ants require hibernation (diapause)?
Yes, proper diapause is vital for the long-term health and reproductive success of Myrmica colonies. Typically, a hibernation period of 3-5 months at cool temperatures (around 5-10°C) from late autumn to early spring is recommended to mimic their natural cycle.
What kind of nest is best for Myrmica bessarabicus (or related Myrmica)?
Given their need for high humidity and their natural nesting habits, Myrmica ants do well in setups that retain moisture effectively. Ytong or plaster nests with good hydration systems, or even naturalistic setups with moist substrate, are excellent choices. Ensure there's a good humidity gradient within the nest.
Myrmica colonies seem to grow slowly at first, is this normal?
Absolutely! It's common for Myrmica colonies to have a slower growth rate initially. This is particularly true during the semi-claustral founding phase. However, once the first generation of workers emerges and the colony starts growing, especially if you have multiple queens, you'll often see a significant acceleration in colony expansion.
Why is it difficult to find specific information on Myrmica bessarabicus?
Myrmica bessarabicus is considered a taxonomically uncertain or 'unidentifiable' species. This means scientists haven't definitively settled on its distinct identity, or it might be a synonym of another recognized species. Therefore, care information specifically for this exact name isn't available, and hobbyists typically rely on generalized Myrmica care, often mirroring species like Myrmica rubra.
